Writing a keyboard driver

[AxessTerminated]

Okay, I found a simple tutorial on writing a keyboard driver: http://www.geocities.com/dev_das_2k/...rd_driver.html

The code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <conio.h>

#define INTR 0X09            /*The interrupt number for keyboard*/

/*These r scan codes of non-displayable keys*/
#define NIL        -1
#define ESC       27
#define CTRL    29
#define SHFT    42
#define ALT       56
#define CAPS    58
#define F1         59
#define F2         60
#define F3         61
#define F4         62
#define F5         63
#define F6         64
#define F7         65
#define F8         66
#define F9         67
#define F10       68
#define NUM     69
#define SCRL    70
#define HOME   71
#define UP        72
#define PGUP    73
#define LEFT    75
#define FIVE     76
#define RGHT   77
#define END      79
#define DOWN  80
#define PGDN   81
#define INS       82
#define DEL      83
#define F11      87
#define F12      88
#define WIN     91
#define RTCK  93
#define POWR  94
#define SLEP   95
#define WAKE  99

/*The scancode-to-ASCII table*/

char ascii[]= {

    NIL, ESC, '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
    '9', '0', '-', '=', '\b', '\t', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r',
    't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '[', ']', '\n', CTRL,
    'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', ';',
    '\'', '`', SHFT, '\\', 'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n',
    'm', ',', '.', '/', SHFT, '*', ALT, ' ', CAPS, F1,
    F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, NUM,
    SCRL,HOME, UP, PGUP, '-', LEFT, FIVE, RGHT, '+', END,
    DOWN, PGDN, INS, DEL, NIL, NIL, NIL, F11, F12, NIL,
    NIL, WIN, WIN, RTCK, POWR, SLEP, NIL, NIL, NIL, WAKE
};


/*function pointer to save the old interrupt handler*/
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(...); 

/*our new interrupt handler. When u press a key, this function gets called*/
void interrupt handler(...)
{
    unsigned char scan_code = inportb(0x60);     /*read scancode byte from port 0x60*/

    /* when the key is pressed,the MSB is cleared so check for this condition*/
    if(!(scan_code & 0x80)) 
        printf("%c",ascii[scan_code]);

    outportb(0x20,0x20);     /*acknowledge PIC that we have received interrupt*/
    oldhandler();                 /*call the old handler to do its work*/
}

void main()
{
    /*save the old interrupt vector*/
    oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

    /*install the new interrupt handler*/
    setvect(INTR, handler);

    /*A delay of 10 seconds. What ever u type in this period,will be displayed by our new interrupt handler*/
    delay(10000);

    /*reset the old interrupt handler*/
    setvect(INTR, oldhandler);
  }

Alright, now I understand all the code, and I use Dev-C++. Do I just open it and hit "Compile"...and rename the EXE to VXD? I'd have to write an INF to install it..but is there anything else to it....would it work in Windows?

A_T

[sec_ware]

Hi

This piece of code looks like a DOS program to me (getvect, setvect,
hardware interrupt 0x09). Reminds me of the good old TSR time
What is the operating system you are running?

With Windows 95[1], VXD (virtual device driver) has been introduced.
Have a look at Techsoft's VxDWriter[2] for a beginning and download
the linked DDK. Usually, these drivers are part in the [386Enh] section
of the system.ini file.

Starting with Windows 98, the WDM[3] (Windows Driver Model) became
standard. The best (multipart) tutorial is on thecodeproject.com[4].

Cheers

[1] http://www.microsoft.com/technet/arc.../rk18_cfg.mspx
[2] http://www.techsoftpl.com/vxd/
[3] http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/de...6f32be.xml.asp
[4] http://www.thecodeproject.com/system/driverdev.asp
http://www.thecodeproject.com/system/driverdev2.asp
http://www.thecodeproject.com/win32/driverdev3.asp
http://www.thecodeproject.com/system/driverdev4asp.asp
http://www.codeproject.com/system/driverdev5asp.asp

[AxessTerminated]

So I can use a TSR compiler to compile this as EXE or COM? I'd then rename it to .DRV and copy it to a DOS floppy?

Any TSR compilers you reccommend?

A_T

[SirDice]

A TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) is a special executable. You don't need a special compiler for it.

But it's a really, really old skool way of running multiple programs from the MS-DOS era when there was no multitasking.. I doubt it'll work properly with win9x and later..

There's loads of info on MSDN on writing drivers for windows.. You're probably going to need the DDK (Driver Development Kit).. Have a look at that to.. IIRC it comes with lots of documentation and some examples for you to play with...

[AxessTerminated]

Well, how would I go about compiling this as TSR? I use Dev-C++ 5. Also, after I compile it, it's going to leave me with keyboard.exe, can I just change the extension to .DRV and try it out? Maybe I can find an old-school DOS diskette lying around and try it out in there...


A_T

[AxessTerminated]

Update: I've tried compiling with Dev-C++. Here's the output and all the errors.

Compiler: Default compiler
Compiler: Default compiler
Executing g++.exe...
g++.exe "C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp" -o "C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.exe" -I"C:\Dev-Cpp\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.2\include" -I"C:\Dev-Cpp\include\c++\3.4.2\backward" -I"C:\Dev-Cpp\include\c++\3.4.2\mingw32" -I"C:\Dev-Cpp\include\c++\3.4.2" -I"C:\Dev-Cpp\include" -L"C:\Dev-Cpp\lib"
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:63: error: variable or field `interrupt' declared void
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:63: error: `oldhandler' was not declared in this scope
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:63: error: expected `,' or `;' before '(' token
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:66: error: `interrupt' does not name a type
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:79: error: `main' must return `int'
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp: In function `int main(...)':

C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:81: error: `oldhandler' undeclared (first use this function)
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:81: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in.)
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:81: error: `getvect' undeclared (first use this function)

C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:84: error: `handler' undeclared (first use this function)
C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:84: error: `setvect' undeclared (first use this function)

C:\Documents and Settings\AxessTerminated\Desktop\driver.cpp:87: error: `delay' undeclared (first use this function)

Execution terminated

[sec_ware]

Hi

AxessTerminated, tell us what you want to accomplish (... )
based on which operating system, and some of us might be able to help
you to continue. Writing drivers can be quite a complex and specific task
to perform. Maybe you just have to look into GetAsyncKeyState[1] ?

If you really want to - you might be able to use this particular piece of
code by starting an emulator and/or by booting a PC with an old dos disk.
In addition, you need a 16bit compiler (e.g. Turbo-C[2]), which
knows the keyword interrupt. Obviously, Dev-C++ does not know it,
and hence, the whole compilation aborts.

interrupt

The interrupt keyword was a keyword to modify the calling method of
a function. All registers were pushed to the stack prior to execution -
in the end, all registers were popd from the stack, the return was
given by IRET. As SirDice pointed out: this is quite dated,
and nowadays, obsolete in standard systems.

Again, as mentioned by myself an SirDice - do some reading first
and have a look at the DDKs[3].

Cheers.

/edit:
Nostalgia: Just checked the web for a Turbo-C compiler. I have found
the version 2.0, for which I have the reference book

[1] http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/de...nckeystate.asp
[2] http://bdn.borland.com/article/0,1410,20841,00.html
[3] http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/ddk/default.mspx

[AxessTerminated]

I want to be able to compile this, try it out, make changes...I've always wanted to get into Linux driver development...but I'm still a bit new to C++, so I'm learning with DOS first.


A_T