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The Victoria Cross is the highest decoration that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
The VC was instituted by Royal Warrant in 1856 but was made retrospective to the Autumn of 1854 to cover the period of the Crimean War. There have been several amending warrants since then.
The Victoria Cross has been bestowed 1354 times since 1854.
It can only be bestowed for actions "in the presence of the enemy" (although from 1858 to 1881 an amendment allowed for awards "under circumstances of extreme danger". Six awards were made under these conditions).
The first presentation was made in Hyde Park on 26 Jun 1857 where Queen Victoria decorated 62 officers and men for actions during the Crimean War.
Each VC is still made by the same London jewelers, Messrs Hancocks [now HANCOCKS & CO. (JEWELLERS) LTD - Established 1849, 1 Burlington Gardens, London W1X 2HP, U.K. Tel: (44) 20 7493 8904, Fax: (44) 20 7493 8905] from the bronze of Chinese cannons captured from the Russians at the siege of Sebastopol. However, the VC to GORLE was flouroscoped by the Tower of London and found to be fairly common Bronze which was was apparently the case for some crosses in WWI. From the RCL Corps Gazette October 1997 (page 358):