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Police killings, extrajudicial executions and ‘death squads’
Public and media concern at high levels of urban violence and crime continued to drive underfunded, poorly trained and often corrupt police forces to the further use of repressive methods. Members of the military and civil police were again responsible for thousands of deaths across the country. Many of these killings reportedly took place in situations which indicated excessive use of force or extrajudicial execution. The killings were rarely investigated as they were often registered as “resistance followed by death”, a characterization that frequently sought to blame the victim. According to the São Paulo police Ombudsman’s office, police killings in the state numbered 703 by October, matching the total for the whole of 2001. Of these killings, 652 were registered as “resistance followed by death”, 138 of which were attributed to off-duty police officers. In Rio de Janeiro 656 killings by the police had been registered by September, already outstripping the previous year’s total of 592. “Death squads” reportedly continued to act with impunity in certain states, with the participation or collusion of members of the police.