Basic UNIX Commands for Running SHELL ACCOUNTS
[gloworange]**********THIS TUTORIAL BELONGS TO TH3 SpId3R*****************[/gloworange] Here are a list of commands newbies might find helpful for using shell accounts. (To get a list of some good shell account providers, see the tutorial ***Bypassing Web Censorship****)
BASIC COMMANDS (some of these command might be restricted by your shell provider)
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ls .................... show directory, in alphabetical order
logout ............. logs off system
mkdir .............. make a directory
rmdir .............. remove directory (rm -r to delete folders with files)
rm ................. remove files
cd [directory_name] .................. change current directory
"cd .." ................ Typing this command (without the quotes) takes you to one level below current level
pwd ................... Lists current working directory
man (command_name) ...... shows help on a specific command. Provides information about the command
talk (user) ................pages user for chat - (user) is a email address
write (user) ............. write a user on the local system (control-c to end)
pico (filename) .... easy to use text edtor to edit files
pine ................... easy to use mailer
more (file) .......... views a file, pausing every screenful
sz ..................... send a file (to you) using zmodem
rz ..................... recieve a file (to the unix system) using zmodem
telnet (host) ...... connect to another Internet site
ftp (host) ...........connect to a FTP site
archie (filename) ........... search the Archie database for a file on a FTP site
irc ................ connect to Internet Relay Chat
lynx ............... a textual World Wide Web browser
gopher ............. a Gopher database browser
tin, trn ........... read Usenet newsgroups
passwd ............. change your password
chfn ............... change your "Real Name" as seen on finger
chsh ............... change the shell you log into
grep ............... search for a string in a file
tail ............... show the last few lines of a file
who ................ shows who is logged into the local system
w .................. shows who is logged on and what they're doing
finger (emailaddr) ....... shows more information about a user
df ................. shows disk space available on the system
du ................. shows how much disk space is being used up by folders
chmod .............. changes permissions on a file
bc ................. a simple calculator
make ............... compiles source code
gcc (filename.c) ....... compiles C source into a file named 'a.out'
gzip ............... best compression for UNIX files
zip ................ zip for IBM files
tar ................ combines multiple files into one or vice-versa
lharc, lzh, lha ....... un-arc'ers ( may not be on your system)
dos2unix (file) (new) - strips CR's out of dos text files
unix2dos (file) (new) - adds CR's to unix text files
[glowpurple](Thanks to Chris for reminding me to include the following..)[/glowpurple]
cat [options][file(s)] [Standard I/O]............. Description: concatinates and displays files. It reads from standard input or from the specified file(s) and displays them to standard output.
grep [options] [expression] [file(s)] ................. we use grep to pick out particular key strings from a file. For example, if a file myfile contains lines of data for many samples, and we wish to consider the data for a single sample mysamp, lines containing the word mysamp can be "grepped'' out by: % grep ``mysamp'' myfile
% diff thisfile.txt thatfile.txt ............... displays difference between the files, shows which lines in 'thisfile.txt' would need to be changed to match 'thatfile.txt'
[glowpurple](Thanks to SeaBass55 for reminding me to include the following..)[/glowpurple]
bzip2 - another popular compression (alternative to gzip)
uptime - uptime and load
tree - directory/file listing (-H switch outputs in HTML..great for file listings)
mc - midnight commander rocks!
clear - clears screen
su - switch user (su <username> changes to a different user..just "su" will change to root and "su -" is root with login script...passwords are always required unless you are root...then you can "su whateveruseryouwant")
Some switches often used:
rm -rf - deletes everything be it directory or not...be careful as it doesn't ask you are you sure either
df -h - shows df listing in MB
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Those were some basic commands for the Shell. Here are some mail commands in Unix....
MAIL COMMANDS FOR READING MAIL
When you connect to the Antionline.com network, the system will check to see if you have any mail. You will see either the message "You have mail" or "You have new mail". The MAIL prompt is the "?" symbol.
# ......... display (read) contents of specified message number "#" from header list.
more # .......... Read contents of long messages (pauses display, press [Space Bar] to continue).
z ............... Move forward between screens if list of messages is more than one screen.
z- .............. Move backward one screen level if list of messages is more than one screen.
CTRL+c .......... Stop reading a message & return to ? mail prompt.
d ................ Delete currently displayed message.
d# .............. Delete specific message number "#" from header list.
d#-# ............. Delete a range of messages at a time (all messages between & including #-#).
h ................. Redisplay messages in your E-mail account (header list).
q .................. Quit & save mail you have read to your MBOX & return to UNIX prompt.
r .................. Reply to sender of currently read message.
r# ................ Reply to sender of message number "#" from header list.
R ................ Reply to sender of message & to all original recipients of message.
s [filename] ............ Save current message as a text file under specified filename.
u .......... Undelete messages erased in error.
x ........... Exit & leave messages intact as they first appeared before you accessed mail.
[ENTER] ............ Show the next new message in your list.
pipe # lp ............. Print message number "#" from header list.
MAIL COMMANDS FOR COMPOSING
(Assuming that you are logged on into the shell of Antionline.com)
mail spider ......... Compose and send a message to a single person who is on the local server
([email protected])
mail [email protected] ............ Compose and send a message to a single person who is not on
the local server.
mail spider raven nokia ............ Compose and send messages to several people. (Entering No domain name defaults to local server, i.e. @antionline.com)
~r[filename] ........... Insert text from a file into your message
[CTRL]+c ............ Pressing this key combination twice will abort message composing and return to
Unix Prompt
"." ................... Typing the Period (without the quotes ofcourse) as first character on a line will end
the message composing
mail ................ connect to E-mail utility & display a list of all messages. (new & old messages not
reviewed since last mail session)
more mbox .............. List the full contents of all messages stored in MBOX file. (screen pauses as it is filled)
