There are some thing's in life that are quite diffiult to truly understand, and when you finally get it , it's like a revelation, and usually never forgotton. For me my present nightmare is subnetting. Yes I've had the lecture's, read the book's, tried all the method's, and before you ask "yes--of course I've searched Google. But what I was looking for was a very, very, very simple method of calculation "No--not with an IP calculator"I have come across a site Http://www.cscug.org/Presentations/S..._Your_Head.pdf which claims to enable you to "Subnet in you head in 90 Minutes" Ha Ha. I don't think so, but who knows.I would be interested to hear of any simple method used with success by AO member's