So where do I start with learning about ports? Are there any good places to go to that any of you can recommend?
If you really want to learn about networking and security I recommend you pick up a good book. Almost every security book goes over in great detail what ports do what and why you should block them/how to protect yourself. You learn the good and the bad.

Some books that I'd recommend that cover all the basics along with various operating systems are:

Hack attacks revealed . It is a couple of years old, but still has great info.

Hacking exposed . This one is updated a lot more and they have a great "hacking series" Such titles include Hacking 2000 exposed, hacking linux exposed and hacking web apps.

The hacking exposed series even offers a hackers challenge series after you have learned a bit about security to test your skills at forensics. Forensics is a whole other topic... but in security it is very important that you know both. At least you'll get the basics and the money is well worth it. You don't have to spend ages looking for what you want... it is all in front of your face.