Wouldent say you are bad at explaining things, just I sometimes take a while to see things.

I understood that signed long int would have a + or - sign in front, and that unsigned int would use some other means to tell it is negitave.

Above where you explain the MSB indicateing the sign of an unsigned int makes sence. I understand how you made the conversion from FFFFFFFB to binary. And can understand that since the MSB in this case is 1 it is negative So I understand where you got this

(-)111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1011

but now where does the math (-) (4294967295 - 4294967291 + 1) come from? I can see the MSB being 1 was replaced with - sign. but why do we add these numbers together to get the signed equivalent.

I am reading the article you provided, it explains the data type sizes and range.

I greatly aprecuiate the help you have provided and now I have some things to search google for.